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In 1947-1948, architect Eero Saarinen won
the nationwide competition that was held to supply a design for a monument in
St. Louis honoring western pioneers, with his sleek arch. Construction of the
Arch began February 12, 1963 and was completed on October 28, 1965. The north
tram was opened to the public on July 24, 1967. The south tram was completed in
1968.
The stainless steel monument stands 630 feet tall, and is 630 feet wide at its widest point. It is the tallest habitable structure in St. Louis, and the second tallest in
all of Missouri. The cross-sections of its legs are equilateral triangles,
narrowing from 54 feet at the base to 17 feet at the top. Each wall is
comprised of a stainless steel skin covering reinforced concrete from ground level to 300 feet (91 m) or carbon steel and rebar from 300 feet (91 m) to the peak. The interior of the Arch is hollow and contains a unique
tram system leading to an observation deck at the top. Visitors enter the arch
from an underground visitors center and can travel to the top of the arch on a
40 passenger tram. The interior of the Arch also contains two emergency stairwells in the event of a need to evacuate the Arch or if a problem develops with the tram system.
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